Efficiency evaluation of healthcare services in China based on stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis and directional distance function

Evaluating the efficiency of healthcare services accurately can help in analyzing the rationality of inputs and outputs in such services. Considering the consistency and equity of assessment criteria, this study conducts the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA-2) with a directional distance function to evaluate the efficiency of healthcare services in 31 provincial administrative regions of mainland China, as observed in 2018. We use SMAA-DDF to explore all the projection directions to the efficient frontier instead of a certain projection direction. We measure the maximum and average efficiencies for each of the 31 provincial healthcare services. Our empirical findings show that only seven provinces achieve optimal healthcare service efficiency; the eastern area performed the best, followed by the central, western, and northeast areas. Furthermore, the path along the projection directions is provided to help inefficient provinces improve their efficiency and obtain the best possible positions.     

Understand Students Feedback Using Bi-Integrated CRF Model Based Target Extraction

Educational institutions showing interest to find the opinion of the students about their course and the instructors to enhance the teaching-learning process. For this, most research uses sentiment analysis to track students’ behavior. Traditional sentence-level sentiment analysis focuses on the whole sentence sentiment. Previous studies show that the sentiments alone are not enough to observe the feeling of the students because different words express different sentiments in a sentence. There is a need to extract the targets in a given sentence which helps to find the sentiment towards those targets. Target extraction is the subtask of targeted sentiment analysis. In this paper, we proposed the innovative model to find the targets of the given sentence using Bi-Integrated Conditional Random Fields (CRF). A Parallel fusion neural network model is designed to perform this task. We evaluate the model using the Michigan dataset and we build a dataset for target extraction from student reviews. The experimental results show that our proposed fusion model achieves better results compared to baseline models.     

Development of a stakeholder identification and analysis method for human factors integration in work system design interventions – Change Agent Infrastructure

In any work system design intervention—for example, a physical workplace re-design, a work process change, or an equipment upgrade—it is often emphasized how important it is to involve stakeholders in the process of analysis and design, to gain their perspectives as input to the development, and ensure their future acceptance of the solution. While the users of an artifact or workplace are most often regarded as being the most important stakeholders in a design intervention, in a work-system context there may be additional influential stakeholders who influence and negotiate the design intervention's outcomes, resource allocation, requirements, and implementation. Literature shows that it is uncommon for empirical ergonomics and human factors (EHF) research to apply and report the use of any structured stakeholder identification method at all, leading to ad-hoc selections of whom to consider important. Conversely, other research fields offer a plethora of stakeholder identification and analysis methods, few of which seem to have been adopted in the EHF context. This article presents the development of a structured method for identification, classification, and qualitative analysis of stakeholders in EHF-related work system design intervention. It describes the method's EHF-related theoretical underpinnings, lessons learned from four use cases, and the incremental development of the method that has resulted in the current method procedure and visualization aids. The method, called Change Agent Infrastructure (abbreviated CHAI), has a mainly macroergonomic purpose, set on increasing the understanding of sociotechnical interactions that create the conditions for work system design intervention, and facilitating participative efforts.     

Volatilization of fluorine in a CaO–SiO2–CaF2-based system with the substitution of Na2O with K2O

Cuspidine-based systems are used to control the crystallization in mold fluxes, which is enabled by CaF₂ additions. However, excess CaF₂ increases the corrosion of casting machines. Therefore, Na₂O and K₂O are added to the mold flux system to ensure an optimized crystallization and lubrication ability of the flux with the CaF₂ content. This study investigated the effect of substituting Na₂O with K₂O on the volatilization of fluorine in a CaO–SiO₂–CaF₂-based slag system at high temperatures. The substitution of Na₂O with K₂O was performed at 5 mol% intervals. The volatilization was observed by thermogravimetric analysis under several isothermal conditions. The mass loss was measured at a heating rate of 5, 10, and 20 K/min. As the temperature increased, the volatilization of the mixed samples increased. The activation energy was calculated using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose methods. A kinetic analysis of the volatilization of fluorine was conducted using the calculated parameters and several known kinetic models. Consequently, the volatilization of the Na-rich sample was controlled by chemical reactions and that of the K-rich sample was identified to be controlled by a phase-boundary-controlled reaction. These results suggest that the addition of mixed alkali oxide promote the volatilization during the early stages of the reaction. From the post-experimental composition analyses, the remaining Na and K in the samples suggested a different mechanism for the Na and K volatilization. The volatilization of Na increased with time, whereas K volatilized easily during the beginning of the reaction.     

Quantification of Dendritic Spines Remodeling under Physiological Stimuli and in Pathological Conditions

Numerous brain diseases are associated with abnormalities in morphology and density of dendritic spines, small membranous protrusions whose structural geometry correlates with the strength of synaptic connections. Thus, the quantitative analysis of dendritic spines remodeling in microscopic images is one of the key elements towards understanding mechanisms of structural neuronal plasticity and bases of brain pathology. In the following article, we review experimental approaches designed to assess quantitative features of dendritic spines under physiological stimuli and in pathological conditions. We compare various methodological pipelines of biological models, sample preparation, data analysis, image acquisition, sample size, and statistical analysis. The methodology and results of relevant experiments are systematically summarized in a tabular form. In particular, we focus on quantitative data regarding the number of animals, cells, dendritic spines, types of studied parameters, size of observed changes, and their statistical significance.     

Fire safe,sustainable loose furnishing

The aim of this exploratory study has been to investigate the fire properties and environmental aspects of different upholstery material combinations, mainly for domestic applications. An analysis of the sustainability and circularity of selected textiles, along with lifecycle assessment, is used to qualitatively evaluate materials from an environmental perspective. The cone calorimeter was the primary tool used to screen 20 different material combinations from a fire performance perspective. It was found that textile covers of conventional fibres such as wool, cotton and polyester, can be improved by blending them with fire resistant speciality fibres. A new three‐dimensional web structure has been examined as an alternative padding material, showing preliminary promising fire properties with regard to ignition time, heat release rates and smoke production.     

A novel adaptive sampling based methodology for feasible region identification of compute intensive models using artificial neural network

Identification of feasible region of operations in multivariate processes is a problem of interest in several fields. This is particularly challenging when the process model is black-box in nature and/or is computationally expensive, as analytical solutions are not available and the number of possible model evaluations is limited. An efficient methodology is required to identify samples where the model is evaluated for developing a computationally efficient surrogate model. In this work, an artificial neural network based surrogate model is proposed which is integrated with a statistical-based approach (Jack-knifing) to estimate the variance of the surrogate model prediction. This allows implementation of an adaptive sampling approach where new samples are identified close to the feasible region boundary or in regions of high prediction uncertainty. The proposed approach performs better than a previously published kriging based method for different dimensionality case studies.     

锌铝水滑石的制备及其在制革少铬鞣中的应用

通过共沉淀法制备了锌铝水滑石(ZnAl-LDH),采用XRD、FTIR、SEM对其结构进行了表征.将其配合用量为皮质量2％的铬粉(记为2％铬粉)应用于制革鞣制工艺中.考察了ZnAl-LDH制备时的金属源物质的量比、陈化时间对鞣制坯革收缩温度、鞣后废液中的Cr2O3质量浓度的影响.结果表明,ZnAl-LDH是尺寸在100～400 nm之间的片状材料.当n〔(Zn(NO3)2?6H2O)〕:n〔Al(NO3)3?9H2O〕=2.0:1.0,陈化时间为6 h时,制备的ZnAl-LDH-4具有优异的性能.与单独使用2％铬粉鞣制坯革相比,ZnAl-LDH-4(用量为皮质量的4％)配合2％铬粉鞣制坯革收缩温度由75℃提高到94℃,废液中的Cr2O3质量浓度由99.58 mg/L降低至46.98 mg/L,且加入ZnAl-LDH-4鞣制后,鞣后废液化学需氧量和生物需氧量均降低.